Peace Essays - Abuse, Social Psychology, Persecution, Aggression

Peace Jay Kline Analysis Paper Bullying is a common issue within todays schooling system. The author makes it a point to talk about the behavioral aspect behind bullying, stating that bullying is a Distinct form of proactive aggression that is intentional, repeated, and involves imbalance between the perpetrator and victim. In the article,Direct Bullying: Criminal Act or Mimicking What Has Been Learned,exposing the underlying issue behind the aggressors mindset during an act of bullying. In their minds (the bully), they are choosing to act out of a repeated or learned habit that was potentially formed as a coping mechanism due to hardships faced in their own daily may be obvious and easy to notice due to the nave nature of the individual. For instance, a fifth grader may be more likely to bully a younger third grader versus a fellow peer because the third grader is more than likely smaller, younger in age, and less of a threat to their level of intelligence. Bullies are not always verbal in their acts of aggres sion; frankly it is more of the subtle acts that place more of a fear into their victims minds. After reading the first article I read two more articles about the topic of bullying and another easy way, from the article, A Latent Class Approach to Examining Forms of Pure Victimization,to break down the target is by starting rumors, sexual comments, or gestures(Card behaviors such as these have a longer lasting affect mentally on the individual. A rumor may last days to months whereas physical acts such as pushing, shove, or kicking are but momentary lessons of fear. The bullys objective is to not only harass but to cause one to unconsciously be willing to submit and surrender them without putting up much of a fight. In the Journal of Child Although we see it is possible to bully a person in more than one way, which does not alleviate its original form of expression, physical bullying. As Joseph Simplicio refers to our two most focus generations where bullying has seemed to reach it s peak; Generation Z / Generation I Internet Children (those born from 1994- 2004) rumor spreading, physical harming, and cyber harassment. When reading these three articles, it questions if the first article presented, Direct Bullying: Criminal Act or Mimicking What Has Been Learned,does not only hold true facts and statements from the author but that its also a reliable source. Although, there were some similarities between them, they also had a lot of different things to say about what exactly leads to bullying and why children and teens do it. Yet, I do think they were all saying the same thing, just in different ways to overall have a broad maybe even better understanding. I think the second and third articles were written more on a higher level of reading which also is pointed towards different audiences. A person younger then I would clearly understand the first article because its kind of common sense verses the other two reaching out to college students like myself and adu lts. Overall, I think all the articles

Mt St Helens 1980 Eruption

Mt St Helens 1980 Eruption At 8:32 a.m. on May 18, 1980, the volcano located in southern Washington called Mt. St. Helens erupted. Despite the many warning signs, many were taken by surprise by the blast. The Mt. St. Helens eruption was the worst volcanic disaster in U.S. history, causing the deaths of 57 people and approximately 7,000 large animals. Â   A Long History of Eruptions Mt. St. Helens is a composite volcano within the Cascade Range in what is now southern Washington, approximately 50 miles northwest of Portland, Oregon. Though Mt. St. Helens is approximately 40,000-years old, it is considered a relatively young, active volcano. Mt. St. Helens historically has had four extended periods of volcanic activity (each lasting hundreds of years), interspersed with dormant periods (often lasting thousands of years). The volcano is currently in one of its active periods. Native Americans living in the area have long known that this was not an ordinary mountain, but one that had fiery potential. Even the name, Louwala-Clough, a Native American name for the volcano, means smoking mountain. Mt. St. Helens Discovered by Europeans The volcano was first discovered by Europeans when British Commander George Vancouver of the H.M.S.Discovery spotted Mt. St. Helens from the deck of his ship while he was exploring the northern Pacific Coast from 1792 to 1794. Commander Vancouver named the mountain after his fellow countryman, Alleyne Fitzherbert, the Baron St. Helens, who was serving as the British ambassador to Spain. Piecing together eyewitness descriptions and geologic evidence, it is believed that Mt. St. Helens erupted somewhere between 1600 and 1700, again in 1800, and then quite frequently during the 26-year span of 1831 to 1857. After 1857, the volcano grew quiet. Most people who viewed the 9,677-foot tall mountain during the 20th century, saw a picturesque backdrop rather than a potentially deadly volcano. Thus, not fearing an eruption, many people built houses around the base of the volcano. Warning Signs On March 20, 1980, a 4.1 magnitude earthquake struck underneath Mt. St. Helens. This was the first warning sign that the volcano had reawakened. Scientists flocked to the area. On March 27, a small explosion blew a 250-foot hole in the mountain and released a plume of ash. This caused fears of injuries from rockslides so the entire area was evacuated. Similar eruptions to the one on March 27 continued for the next month. Though some pressure was being released, large amounts were still building. In April, a large bulge was noticed on the north face of the volcano. The bulge grew quickly, pushing outward about five feet a day. Though the bulge had reached a mile in length by the end of April, the plentiful plumes of smoke and seismic activity had begun to dissipate. As April drew to a close, officials were finding it increasingly difficult to maintain the evacuation orders and road closures due to pressures from homeowners and the media as well as from stretched budget issues. Mt. St. Helens Erupts At 8:32 a.m. on May 18, 1980, a 5.1 magnitude earthquake struck under Mt. St. Helens. Within ten seconds, the bulge and surrounding area fell away in a gigantic, rock avalanche. The avalanche created a gap in the mountain, allowing the release of pent-up pressure that erupted laterally in a huge blast of pumice and ash. The noise from the blast was heard as far away as Montana and California; however, those close to Mt. St. Helens reported hearing nothing. The avalanche, huge to begin with, quickly grew in size as it crashed down the mountain, traveling around 70 to 150 miles per hour and destroying everything in its path. The blast of pumice and ash traveled northward at 300 miles per hour and was a raging hot 660Â ° F (350Â ° C). The blast killed everything in a 200-square mile area. Within ten minutes, the plume of ash had reached 10 miles high. The eruption lasted nine hours. Death and Damage For the scientists and others who were caught in the area, there was no way to outrun either the avalanche or the blast. Fifty-seven people were killed. It is estimated that about 7,000 large animals such as deer, elk, and bears were killed and thousands, if not hundreds of thousands, of small animals died from the volcanic eruption. Mt. St. Helens had been surrounded by a lush forest of coniferous trees and numerous clear lakes before the blast. The eruption felled entire forests, leaving only burned tree trunks all flattened in the same direction. The amount of timber destroyed was enough to build about 300,000 two-bedroom homes. A river of mud traveled down the mountain, caused by melted snow and released groundwater, destroying approximately 200 houses, clogging up shipping channels in the Columbia River, and contaminating the beautiful lakes and creeks in the area. Mt. St. Helens is now only 8,363-feet tall, 1,314-feet shorter than it was before the explosion. Though this explosion was devastating, it will certainly not be the last eruption from this very active volcano.

Hypothetical Case Analysis (Contract Agreement) Study

Hypothetical Analysis (Contract Agreement) - Case Study Example An acceptance, therefore, is the act of the offeree of agreeing and approving the offer as it is. An offer may be responded to in 5 ways: (a) acceptance; (b) explicit rejection; (c) counter-offer, in which the offeree quotes, for example, a lower price; (d) a statement of neutrality (e.g. ‘I don’t know’ or ‘I’ll think about it’), and; (e) not answering at all (Schane 142). In the problem, at hand, Wally makes two kinds of response: (a) a statement of neutrality, viz. he will be asking his parents about it, which implied no effect on the offer, and; (b) a counter-offer to Eddie by agreeing to buy the computer at a lower price, i.e., $1000. There was no acceptance at this point but neither was there an explicit rejection. On the other hand, there is a counter-offer which needs an acceptance from Eddie. The legal effect of this letter is that even though a counter-offer is made, the original offer is left hanging, and not explicitly rejected, conditioned on the acquiescence of Wally’s offer. Assuming that there was still a valid offer by Eddie standing on July 19th, there is no binding contract between Eddie and Wally after Wally had accepted the offer through a fax on July 19 because the acceptance only validly took effect at the time it was received by Eddie which was on July 21, a day after the lapse of the period the offer is to take effect. The implication is that the revocation took effect before the acceptance, making the revocation valid. This is because under the rule of acceptance, the mailbox rule, which makes an acceptance effective the moment the offeree sends his/her acceptance, does not apply to instantaneous acceptance like fax (Miller & Jentz 181-182). An acceptance by fax, therefore, takes effect only, like all other instantaneous communication, after actual receipt of the acceptance by the offeror. Similarly, a revocation, on the other hand, takes effect only at

Medical Terminology and Healthcare

TBLS Week 1- TBLS Assignment BC1030X: Medical Terminology and Healthcare Setting & Claims Processing (7-30-2012) Section 13 Melissa Brown | Doing the exercises allows us to really look at how we can determine our future by enforcing positive thoughts and â€Å"self-talk†. OR we can destroy all possibilities by succumbing to negative† self-talk. † Today I made a conscious effort to push out of my head any negative â€Å"self-talk†. While I enhanced the positive â€Å"self-talk. † Doing both exercises allows me to really see the effects of both.I had never realized how my thinking and attitude plays such a vital role in every aspect of my life. The exercise allows me to see how I can take control over my future and even my today. How do I see myself? Well, self-examination allows me to see how my personality can positively affect others and more importantly†¦ myself. I am making an effort this entire week to use nothing but positive self-talk, acti on, behavior in every aspect of my life. I never realized how much a negative attitude, disposition and outlook affects me as a person. I have been unemployed for almost 4 months.I thought I had a job however, something went wrong with the drug test or background test and I just know they are avoiding me. I never heard of any test that takes a month to come back, so I assumed something went wrong. However, I just decided to keep putting in applications and I refuse to allow that to get me down. Positive thinking allows me to keep going with a smile on my face. I am grateful because I have a family that chips in and we will be ok. I found out what is necessary and actually what isn’t a necessity. And we are doing ok. I accredited God for that.So in that aspect a positive attitude allows me to wake up in the morning with a plan of action and I am actually enthused about it. That enthusiasm allows me to stay positive, think positively and make my day a pleasant day with all kind s of new possibilities. How I feel about myself inside reflects how others will see me. A smile can be contagious. If I am positive others around me will be as well. Self-examination and having control of our thoughts is something that I am sure with practice I can master. We will always have challenges and obstacles.I have learned how we see them, deal with them and behave plays a vital role in the overall outcome. I have faith and devoted to the most high, as a servant I believe that he gives us the empowerment to control ourselves in a manner that allows us personal growth, strength and control over ourselves. We can benefit by staying positives self-examination, and correction and that is shown in our attitude, behavior and focused on our goals. Exercise: TBLS-self talk snapshot What’s going on up there http://www. positive-thinking-for-you. com/positivethinking. html

Three chocies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Three chocies - Case Study Example The company’s main mission is to organize information globally and make it accessible to all users in different parts of the world. The vision of the company is to develop a kind of environment that an individual or a company desires to create so that the company would facilitate the general public. The goal of the company is to simplify the lives of individuals by providing help in their respective fields. The company has brought a change in the management style in last 8-10 years. The company is conscious regarding their good management. Google always hire people who could derive significant benefits to the company. There are two major changes made in the management styles that are given below. A good manager is the priority of the company. The company facilitates the manager that has the experience, leadership skills and communication techniques. The company allows effective managers to work in it to ensure that the management is effective in deriving advantages that are mentioned in the goal and mission of the company. Good managers are the key to success as they set directions for the juniors to work. They set parameters based on the prediction and analyzing the conditions in the market (Draft, 2015). Google has start hiring the employees that have predicted and innovative mind. It is mentioned by the company that they hire on qualification but to some extent. They usually notice whether the employee can predict and allow the company to prevail in international markets by providing effective service. It is clearly mentioned in the company that they appoint a person with their skills and capabilities rather than his high qualification. Their perspective is to the employee an individual that can predict the situation that could be faced by the company in future (Draft, 2015). The company believes that it is essential to maintain proper checks and balances on

Women strangth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women strangth - Essay Example All of this is understood to have contributed to the character of the woman who shuffles her way to town. Not until the end does Welty tell us that Phoenix is making this difficult trip in order to get the medicine her chronically-ill grandson needs in order to breathe. By the end of the story, the character Phoenix Jackson is seen as a fully developed human being despite the short space of time in which she is introduced. Through symbolic imagery and careful organization, Welty is able to present Phoenix Jackson in loving detail as a fully fledged human being rather than simply as a character. At the opening of the story, the reader joins Phoenix at a point on her path where she is in an evergreen forest. This forest is described as being full of springy needles and bright sun. In this story, the pine trees symbolize the springiness and sunshine of youth. Pine wood is a soft wood which means it’s easier to bend it and shape it to new purposes. This is an example of what Phoenix was like as a young girl. In youth, she was still full of bright hopes and dreams that were often â€Å"almost too bright to look at† (142). However, pine wood is also very easy to damage with its softer skin, and Phoenix herself was also vulnerable to these dangers. However, she is no longer so vulnerable as she proves herself capable of defending herself against any rustle she hears in the thicket, â€Å"Out of my way, all you foxes, owls, beetles, jack rabbits, coons and wild animals!’ †¦ Under her small black-freckled hand her cane, limber as a buggy whip, would switc h at the brush as if to rouse up any hiding things† (143). The upward slope of the pine forest symbolizes Phoenix’s maturing out of childhood as much as it can be seen to be the struggle of the black race out of slavery. While that was a difficult struggle in itself, it wasn’t the last hurdle to be overcome

Westward Expansion in the U.S. 1860-1890

Westward Expansion in the U.S. 1860-1890 Charles J. Averitt Take a map of the westward expansion of the United States and what do you see? Some would say that expansion was a necessity toward Manifest Destiny. Others would say that the ambition to be prosperous and wealthy played a huge role in how the map slowly begins to stretch westward. The truth is both are part of a much larger picture in how the U.S. expanded in the post-Civil War era. We can sit here and go on and on about why, but there are reasons based on facts, events, and uncontrollable circumstances. Expansion happened the way it did for a number of reasons. We start with geographical factors that include the availability of water, fertile land, and population disbursement. Another reason is the expansion of those transportation systems and terrain features that limit transportation of vital and valuable resources. Finally we come to personal motives that sparked national interests in expansion toward the Pacific Ocean. So we can now concur that westward expansion was necessary as the population increased in the east and ambition created the drive toward the west. Geography has always played a critical role in the disbursement and expansion of people. Usually for the same reasons all over the world throughout history. Water is a necessary resource that we as humans need to survive. This explains the paths and clusters of U.S. citizens on the map. You can see from any map that displays this data that the majority of Americans live near water sources. Expanding to the West you can still see that same pattern. Water also holds the key to plant life and fertile land. As the population increases in a specific area, the resources in that area become tied up. The populous then proceeds to venture out in search of new vital resources. In the United States case the only unexplored area at the time was westward. West of the Mississippi River water sources become scarce in a more arid environment. The further west you get the less vital recourses you can find. Land improvements do not change that much as pioneers head west because of this factor. Populated areas spread out from all of these water sources. Once you pass the Rocky Mountains we see the land improvements pick up again. Rivers are introduced into the continent from the Pacific Ocean on the western front. Once again water being the prevalent factor. Next we have the transportation aspect of the expansion. In the 1860s the country is pretty well established and the rivers and constructed rail systems make moving resources a bit easier. (Dobson) Once again the population disbursement keeps the majority of our transportation systems more available in the most populated regions. As we begin expansion slowly in the second half of the 19th Century the rail systems do not change much until the last decade of the century. There are a couple of reasons for this. Industry was positioned in the north, and in order to maintain an industry you need an abundant and constant supply of resources. Railroads were abundant in this area because of this. We also have the issue of terrain restrictions. Engineering was not at the level that exists today so only certain areas were passable, especially in the Rocky Mountains. Earlier in the 19th century was the migration of many citizens to the west because of the rumored Gold Rush. (Henkin) Once the ru mors were found to be true after a large migration of citizens the nation took interest in the prospect of gaining much needed wealth. This introduced the concept of a rail road that stretched from Missouri all the way to the western coast in Sacramento, California. (Haycox) It would be known as the Transcontinental Rail Road. This opened the avenue to the west. Migrants have an easily accessible way to reach the west and claim their wealth. With this migration we begin to see the rail systems expand through the west but not much due to the Rocky Mountains and lack of natural resources, or undiscovered resources for that matter. With the Transcontinental Railroad in place we move into the Gold Rush. This is what truly brought U.S. citizens to the west in great numbers. After the days of the Oregon Trail and the notion of abundant gold was passed back to the east the railroad was built. (Haycox) Not only were they traveling by foot and wagons; they had trains. (Henkin) This led to the mass migration to the west in search of personal gain. The reaction was more rail systems put in place and land improvements to keep up with the growing populations needs. The western frontier was slowly being explored for both habitable areas and more gold and silver. Government interest was sparked by these events and quickly began annexing these territories into the Union. The 1890s saw the largest expansion of rail system in the entire 19th century. In summary expansion to the west in the United States had many variable and initiating circumstances. It can also be concluded that the expansion was necessary for the U.S. to progress into the modern era. Geography played a large role in the expansion with the dependency on water, fertile land, and the overall location of the majority of U.S. citizens. Transportation and industry pushed the drive toward the discovery of more resources which created the vast expanse of transportation systems on both land and rivers. Most notably the Transcontinental Railroad. Finally valuables such as gold and silver triggered the migration of hundreds of thousands of U.S. citizens to strike wealth and claim fertile land in the further stretches of the west coast. This allowed the west to progress and become more habitable to sustain the ever growing population in the east. Thus the great Western Expansion becomes a fight for personal gain and wealth for both settlers and the country itself. References Dobson, D. (2013). Manifest destiny and the environmental impacts of westward expansion. Flinders Journal of History and Politics, 29, 41-69. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/docview/1541352196?accountid=8289 Haycox, E.,Jr. (2001, Spring). Building the transcontinental railroad, 1864-1869. Montana; the Magazine of Western History, 51, 25. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/docview/217925744?accountid=8289 Henkin, D. M. (2007). Spreading the Word: A History of Information in the California Gold Rush. American Historical Review, 112(5), 1535-1536.

Medical Terminology and Healthcare

TBLS Week 1- TBLS Assignment BC1030X: Medical Terminology and Healthcare Setting & Claims Processing (7-30-2012) Section 13 Melissa Brown | Doing the exercises allows us to really look at how we can determine our future by enforcing positive thoughts and â€Å"self-talk†. OR we can destroy all possibilities by succumbing to negative† self-talk. † Today I made a conscious effort to push out of my head any negative â€Å"self-talk†. While I enhanced the positive â€Å"self-talk. † Doing both exercises allows me to really see the effects of both.I had never realized how my thinking and attitude plays such a vital role in every aspect of my life. The exercise allows me to see how I can take control over my future and even my today. How do I see myself? Well, self-examination allows me to see how my personality can positively affect others and more importantly†¦ myself. I am making an effort this entire week to use nothing but positive self-talk, acti on, behavior in every aspect of my life. I never realized how much a negative attitude, disposition and outlook affects me as a person. I have been unemployed for almost 4 months.I thought I had a job however, something went wrong with the drug test or background test and I just know they are avoiding me. I never heard of any test that takes a month to come back, so I assumed something went wrong. However, I just decided to keep putting in applications and I refuse to allow that to get me down. Positive thinking allows me to keep going with a smile on my face. I am grateful because I have a family that chips in and we will be ok. I found out what is necessary and actually what isn’t a necessity. And we are doing ok. I accredited God for that.So in that aspect a positive attitude allows me to wake up in the morning with a plan of action and I am actually enthused about it. That enthusiasm allows me to stay positive, think positively and make my day a pleasant day with all kind s of new possibilities. How I feel about myself inside reflects how others will see me. A smile can be contagious. If I am positive others around me will be as well. Self-examination and having control of our thoughts is something that I am sure with practice I can master. We will always have challenges and obstacles.I have learned how we see them, deal with them and behave plays a vital role in the overall outcome. I have faith and devoted to the most high, as a servant I believe that he gives us the empowerment to control ourselves in a manner that allows us personal growth, strength and control over ourselves. We can benefit by staying positives self-examination, and correction and that is shown in our attitude, behavior and focused on our goals. Exercise: TBLS-self talk snapshot What’s going on up there http://www. positive-thinking-for-you. com/positivethinking. html

Hemingway’s Writing Style Essay

From almost the beginning of his writing career, Hemingway’s distinctive style occasioned a great deal of comment and controversy. Basically, his style is simple, direct, and unadorned, probably as a result of his early newspaper training. He avoids the adjective whenever possible, but because he is a master at transmitting emotion without the flowery prose of his Victorian novelist predecessors, the effect is far more telling. In Observations on the Style of Ernest Hemingway, from â€Å"Contexts of Criticism† by Harry Levin (Harvard University Press, 1957), the critic says: â€Å"Hemingway puts his emphasis on nouns because, among other parts of speech, they come closest to things. Stringing them along by means of conjunctions, he approximates the actual flow of experience. † Hemingway has often been described as a master of dialog, and most readers agree, upon being first introduced to his writing, that â€Å"this is the way these characters would really talk. † It is interesting to note, however, that Hemingway’s one attempt at playwriting was a failure. Actually, a close examination of his dialog will reveal that this is rarely the way people really speak. The effect is accomplished, rather, by the calculated emphasis and repetition which makes us remember what has been said. Since the critics cannot entirely agree on Hemingway’s style, perhaps the best way is to put it into the author’s own words. Shortly before his tragic death, Hemingway gave to the Wisdom Foundation in California a collection of his observations on life and art, love and death. They were published in the January 1963, issue of Playboy magazine, and in them Hemingway said of his writing: I do most of my work in my head. I never begin to write until my ideas are in order. Frequently I recite passages of dialogue as it is being written; the ear is a good censor. I never set down a sentence on paper until I have it so expressed that it will be clear to anyone. Yet, I sometimes think that my style is suggestive rather than direct. The reader must often use his imagination or lose the most subtle part of my thoughts. I take great pains with my work, pruning and revising with a tireless hand. I have the welfare of my creations very much at heart. I cut them with infinite care, and burnish them until they become brilliants. What many another writer would be content to leave in massive proportions, I polish into a tiny gem. Hemingway goes on at some length, but the essence of what he says may be in this paragraph: A writer’s style should be direct and personal, his imagery rich and earthy, and his words simple and vigorous. The greatest writers have the gift of brilliant brevity, are hard workers, diligent scholars and competent stylists. To explain Hemingway’s style adequately in a few paragraphs is impossible. Scores of articles, and even some books, have been written on the subject, and it is to these that the serious student should go for additional, more detailed information.

Japanese Communication Styles Essays

Japanese Communication Styles Essays Japanese Communication Styles Essay Japanese Communication Styles Essay Japanese Communication Styles Japanese communication patterns and styles can be confusing to Westerners. Americans are used to straight talk. Americans make great efforts to convey the exact intent of their message. Japanese interlocutors tend to use words as only part of the message they are trying to communicate. Other factors, such as silence, subtle body language, mood, tone, and intuition imply communication styles. I would like to explore the aspects of communication styles in terms of (1) body language and physical behavior, (2) silence, (3) eye contact and (4) saving face. It is often pointed out that throughout the long history of Japan; the Japanese have cultivated their unique communication styles which are based on their high-context, collectivistic and almost homogeneous society (Ishii et al. , 1996). The Japanese are reported to be reserved, cautious, evasive, silent, and ambiguous (Barnlund, 1975), placing an emphasis on not hurting others and keeping harmonious relations with each other. This emphasis on harmony has helped to mold a society where the ability to assimilate differences and to engineer consensus is valued above a talent for argument (Barnlund, 1989). In this communication-passive society of Japan, modesty, humility, and suppression of self are considered to be moral ideals (Okabe, 1983), and people are rather reluctant to disclose their true feelings (Barnlund, 1975). Body Language and Physical Behavior Body motion, as a whole, is more reserved in Japan than in the West. The Japanese predisposition for well chosen delicate gestures is born from necessity, for 125 million people live on these small mountainous islands. Japanese living quarters and public places are usually overcrowded. People must share space continuously at ome, work, and play. It is very easy to physically violate another persons space, so the Japanese do all they can to avoid it. They are raised to detest pushy and argumentative behavior in public. To avoid such unpleasant exchanges, people tend to keep their hands, feet, elbows, and knees closer to their frame. Being polite, reserved and aware of ones own and other peoples body movements, is an essential part of being Japanese. A code of physical behavior seems to exist almost everywhere in Japan. People generally do not talk loudly, touch each other unless forced to by vercrowding, or make other disturbances in places traditionally considered public. People keep to themselves when among strangers. Yet even among friends, there are always subtle codes of behavior to consider, a code for what you can and can not do with your hands and feet. Hand gestures are plentiful and useful, especially when you want to relay a message without drawing the attention of those around you. In the office, hand signs can invite someone to a drink or meal, tell others the boss is angry or has a girlfriend, or simply explain that youve Just been fired. In all these examples the hand gestures would be different from those used in the West. One of the most common communication styles that non-Japanese people are familiar with is bowing. Bowing (oJigi) is a very important custom in Japan. Japanese people bow all the time. Most commonly, they greet each other by bowing instead of handshaking. It is impolite not to return a bow to whoever bowed to you. Japanese people tend to become uncomfortable with any physical forms of contact. But, they have become used to shaking hands with westerners. Bowing has many functions in one. It expresses the eeling of respect, thanking, apologizing, greeting, and so on. Japanese people bow, when they say, thank you, sorry, hello, good bye, congratulations, excuse me, good night and good morning. Bowing seems simple, but there are different ways of bowing. It depends on the social status or age of the person you bow to. If the person is higher status or older than you are, you should bow deeper and longer. It is polite to bow, bending from your waist. Men usually keep their hands at their sides, and women usually put their hands together on their thighs with their fingers touching. If it is a casual situation, you can bow like nodding. The most frequent bow is a bow of about fifteen degrees. Bowing is also an important part of the Japanese tea ceremony. Silence The use of silence in communication is not an exclusively Japanese phenomenon and all languages make extensive use of it. In Japan, however, it is a particularly important part of the language. While we in the West have programmed ourselves to listen for hidden meaning in a Jumble of words and try to read between the lines. Japanese people listen to the silences, for hidden innuendo and deeper meaning, as f reading between the words. Just as the white space on the paper in Japanese graphics is an important part of the design, spoken Japanese flows among the silent spaces. Silence speaks loudly and clearly to the Japanese. There are many examples in Japanese culture where silence expresses meaning with great force or subliminal elegance. The Japanese tend to be suspicious of words; they are more concerned with actions. They believe in using silence as a way of communicating. They also believe it is better to talk too little than too much. Japanese people take special note of the pauses between words. They are comfortable with less talk and longer periods of silence than are Westerners. Japanese may even use the fact that silence disturbs Westerners as a strategy to unnerve them. In the United States speakers may use silence to draw the listener in, to slow down the flow of events, or encourage the other person to pay attention while they Justify or explain something (Riesman Riesman 1987). In the Japan however, silence may be a polite acknowledgment of failure or inability. This technique is common amongst students who often assume there is only one specific way to answer, as is customary in test-oriented Japanese ducation. Silence signals to the teacher to move on to the next student, maintaining the flow and harmony within the classroom. Eye Contact In most cultures especially Western culture, it is considered rude to not look at the person who is speaking to you. We are taught to look people in the eye at all times and avoiding eye contact is usually associated with being dishonest or uninterested. In Japan it is considered rude or even aggressive to hold the gaze of another person. Japanese people usually look at the other persons neck or focus on something such s their tie knot or other parts of the face such as the eyebrows or the mouth. It is less offensive to look at a persons eyes and then look away or down before looking at their eyes again. The avoidance of eye contact can limit social interactions with non- Japanese persons who would probably assume that that person is being rude when they are actually practicing a form of communication etiquette. Saving Face Being accurate is very important to Japanese people because it saves face. When the Japanese make mistakes/errors it is very unacceptable. Most Japanese people do ot like being put in a position where they have to admit to a failure or mistake, because doing so means losing face and it is very serious to them (http:// www. rikkinyman. com/training/]apanese culture/communication. htm). Many are hesitant to admit that they dont understand something. Japanese people tend to avoid the word no for all practical purposes; it doesnt exist. They believe that no person should be publicly humiliated or embarrassed. This saves face or avoids marring that persons image. Saying no or directly showing displeasure or disappointment risks humiliating the other person and they must be avoided. The Japanese have created ways of saying no without humiliating the other party (http:// www. rikkinyman. com/training/]apanese culture/communication. htm). Some examples of how to tell another person no is: asking a question, saying they dont understand, changing the subject, or claiming they have no authority to answer at the time. When a Japanese person is criticized they take it as a personal offense and it also is considered losing face. Many Japanese do not understand how Western cultures accept or separate behavioral criticism from personal criticism. Conclusion There are many important differences between Western culture and that of the Japanese people. These important differences show how important it is for people to be aware of other cultures and how they interact and communicate with each other. After learning about Japan and their communication styles, I see how easy it can be for people to misunderstand and stereotype others based on what they dont know. Etiquette and manners are important and required in Japan. In our culture it is rare for people to uphold the dignity of others the same way they would for themselves. It s important for Japanese people to adhere to their communicative styles because there is some correlation between the way they communicate and how they live. Without their conversational rules their communities would be chaotic based on their vast population. Japanese people are subtle with words and body gestures and have maintained their cultural communication styles despite Western influence through globalization and technology. References 1 rikkinyman. com/training/]apanese_culture/communication. htm 2. danin]apan. com 3. ) Barnlund, D. C. (1975). Public an d Private Self in Japan an d the United States. Tokyo. The Simul Press. 4. ) Barnlund, D. C. (1989). Communicative Styles of Japanese an d Americans: Images and Realities. CA. Wadsworth Publishing Company. 5. ) Ishii, S. et al. Intercultural Communication (1996). Tokyo: Yuhikaku. 6. ) Riesman Riesman. Conversation s in Japan (1987). Basic Books, Inc. , Publishers: New York. 7. ) Okabe, R . (1983). Cultural Assumptions of East and West: Japan and the United In W. B. Gudykunst (Ed. ) Intercultural Communication Theory: Current States, Publications. Perspectives. CA: Sage

Origins of the Jammu and Kashmir Conflict

Origins of the Jammu and Kashmir Conflict When India and Pakistan became separate and independent nations in August of 1947, theoretically they were divided along sectarian lines. In the Partition of India, Hindus were supposed to live in India, while Muslims lived in Pakistan. However, the horrific ethnic cleansing that followed proved that it was impossible to simply draw a line on the map between followers of the two faiths - they had been living in mixed communities for centuries. One region, where the northern tip of India adjoins Pakistan (and China), chose to opt out of both new nations. This was Jammu and Kashmir. As the British Raj in India ended, Maharaja Hari Singh of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir refused to join his kingdom to either India or Pakistan. The maharaja himself was Hindu, as were 20% of his subjects, but the overwhelming majority of Kashmiris were Muslim (77%). There were also small minorities of Sikhs and Tibetan Buddhists. Hari Singh declared Jammu and Kashmirs independence as a separate nation in 1947, but Pakistan immediately launched a guerrilla war to free the majority-Muslim region from Hindu rule. The maharaja then appealed to India for aid, signing an agreement to accede to India in October of 1947, and Indian troops cleared the Pakistani guerrillas from much of the area. The newly-formed United Nations intervened in the conflict in 1948, organizing a cease-fire and calling for a referendum of Kashmirs people in order to determine whether the majority wished to join with Pakistan or India. However, that vote has never been taken. Since 1948, Pakistan and India have fought two additional wars over Jammu and Kashmir, in 1965 and in 1999. The region remains divided and claimed by both nations; Pakistan controls the northern and western one-third of the territory, while India has control of the southern area. China and India both also claim a Tibetan enclave in the east of Jammu and Kashmir called Aksai Chin; they fought a war in 1962 over the area, but have since signed agreements to enforce the current Line of Actual Control. Maharaja Hari Singh remained head of state in Jammu and Kashmir until 1952; his son later became the governor of the (Indian-administered) state. The Indian-controlled Kashmir Valleys 4 million people are 95% Muslim and only 4% Hindu, while Jammu is 30% Muslim and 66% Hindu. Pakistani-controlled territory is almost 100% Muslim; however, Pakistans claims include all of the region including Aksia Chin. The future of this long-disputed region is unclear. Since India, Pakistan, and China all possess nuclear weapons, any hot war over Jammu and Kashmir could have devastating results.

Healthcare Communication Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Healthcare Communication - Annotated Bibliography Example The methods used to get data on what constitutes communication breakdown among the practitioners were one- to- one interviews and a focus group. This article is useful in researching on the different challenges that bring about communication barriers among the medical providers, as well as the preferred remedy to these challenges. The authors indicate the use of a Joint Communication Note (JNC) as a preferred remedy where all the healthcare professionals will get and relay information from and to one another. This article is crucial to the research on the impact of effective communication amongst the healthcare practitioners. Through its findings, it may form the basis to the research though, not in its entirety. O’Daniel, M., Rosenstein, H. A., (2008). Professional Communication and Team Collaboration. Patient safety and quality: Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Retrieved from; http//www.ahrq.gov/qual/html. In this article O’Daniel & Rosenstein, have brought out the different techniques used to enhance communication among the healthcare providers. This article answers questions such as what ways would enhance communication amongst healthcare providers? What are the common barriers to communication amongst healthcare professionals? They have indicated some of the already used methods in healthcare facilities such as the Simulation- Background- Assessment- Recommendation (SBAR) technique and its effectiveness in enhancing communication. They also propose another method Medical Team Management (MTM) that heavily borrows from the aviation model known as Crew Resource Management (CRM). The strength of this technique is that it was tested and verified at Eglin USAF Regional Hospital and with its advocacy on group formation it can be used in researching the methods to help enhance communication among healthcare professionals. This book by Nemeth emphasizes on the importance of group work and socialization among

How information Technology can be used to achieve sustainable Essay

How information Technology can be used to achieve sustainable competitive advantages - Essay Example In addition, the basic purpose of developing and implementing the modern and up-to-date information systems in the business and corporate structures is to enhance the overall corporate performance and enhanced management of the business data (Laudon & Laudon, 1999; Turban et al., 2005). Literature Review According to (Turban et al., 2005, p.18) â€Å"an information system is set of different aspects that work collectively in order to gather, operate, store, assess, and transmit information with the intention of performing a particular task.† Basically, the products and business processes to develop those products differ from organization to organization. Hence, a business organization can make use of information system for different purposes according to their needs and requirements. For instance, an organization can make use of an information system to deal with its human resource related processes or for dealing with accorunts and financial matters. In this scenario, as an o rganization is based on different aspects such as departments and employees in the same way an IS encompasses a variety of aspects like that inputs (whuch an information system receives in the forms of data and instructions from its users) and outputs (which are delivered by the information system in the forms of results, calculations and reports). Thus, it provides the desired outputs by carrying out certain operations on the inputs. Value Chain Model Operations: This process involves the activities that are involves in the transformation of inputs into final products. In this scenario, information systems can play a significant role. As the figure 1 demonstrates, this process can be supported through computer aided manufacturing. These systems can be used in design and development of the products (CiteHR, 2013; Schwanzer, 2007). In this scenario, information systems cannot only be used as a wonderful tool for automating desired business processes and activities but they can also b e used to support the business organizations in designing and putting into practice a number of value added-systems in the business organizations like that the majority of bussiness organizations combine and arrange their manufacturing cycle along with information systems so as to confirm that the outputs it generates comply with the organization’s requirements and needs as well as various quality management mechanisms. The research has shown that the implementation of information systems allows the business organizations to make their business operations simple and do not waste their precious time in performing unnecessary operations. Additionally, the majority of business organizations take benefit of information systems to incorporate control and measures to human resource related activities, in an attempt to make sure that only human resources having the proper privileges and authority can be allowed to perform particular tasks. Also, the use of information systems allows the business oraganizations to throw away chronic actions and improve correctness, supporting company’s employees to contemplate on more difficult processes. Furthermore, an organization can also use information syste