Look, See, and Watch Related Verb ESL Exercise

Look, See and Watch are three related verbs that are easily confused. English learners can use this page to understand the differences between these three verbs. Example sentences for look, see and watch will help you understand how to use these verbs. Finally, theres an exercise to help you test your understanding of these key verbs. Look (At) Use the verb look (at) to say that you or someone else looks with concentration. In other words, you look to see something specific. Look refers to seeing something specific one time, rather than over time as with the verb watch (see below). I looked at the trees in the distance.Tom looked at the picture and smiled.Sarah looked at her sister and smiled. Look is usually used with the preposition at. However, when using look as an imperative at is not used when there is no object. Look over there!Look! Its Tom. Use look as an imperative with at when followed by an object. Look at those people.Look at me when I speak to you! See See is used to make simple statements. In other words, use see to note that you saw someone or something. I saw Tom at school yesterday.Did you see the beautiful sunset yesterday?Mary saw an interesting man while she was in Chicago. On the other hand look at and watch are used to state that you see something with particular attention. You look at something specific, and you watch something over time. Compare: I saw Jim at the party. (simple statement)I looked at Jims shirt. It was strange! (focus on a specific item)I watched Jim speaking to Tom for five minutes. He seemed nervous. (watching the movements and actions of someone or something over time) Do not use see in the progressive form as see is used to express a fact, not an action. I saw Tom at the party. (fact, not an action)We saw an interesting car on the road. (statement of an interesting story, not recounting a specific action at a specific time) The verb see is also used to express that an experience is completed. For example, you can watch a film and see a film. If you see a film, you refer to the complete act. If you watch a film you speak about the action of watching the film at a specific moment. Compare: I saw a good film yesterday. (referring to the complete film)I was watching TV when you called. (referring to the action that was interrupted) See = Visit The verb see can also be used to mean to visit, or have an appointment with someone. Janice saw a doctor yesterday.Peter will see the marketing manager tomorrow.Have you seen a specialist? Watch Watch is used to express that you watch something in progress, something that changes over time. I watched the children playing in the park.She has been watching those birds over there for the past thirty minutes.What are you watching on TV? Watch is similar to look at, but it refers to an action that takes place over time. Look at is used to refer to a single instance when someone looks for something specific. Compare: I looked at the message on the billboard. (referring to looking at something once to understand)I watched the debate on TV. (referring to a show that takes place over time on TV) Practice What Youve Learned For this exercise, youll choose between look (at), see or watch to complete the following sentences. Remember to conjugate the verb in the correct tense. _______ that dog over there. Its so cute!Have you ________ the new film by Spielberg?I was _______ the children play in the park when I met Alice.Im going to ________ the doctor tomorrow afternoon.Did you ________ the amount on the check carefully?Peter ________ Andrew yesterday.Alice is ___________ a show at the moment.The students __________ the information on the whiteboard.I havent ________ Susan in a long time.

The Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe - 1555 Words

In his writing, Edgar Allan Poe has multiple uses of direct and indirect characterization. In The Cask of Amontillado, Montresor had rules such as â€Å"I must not only punish but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong† (Poe, 2). Poe used indirect characterization to show the reader that Montresor is an unreliable narrator because he justified his actions or in this case, murder, to the reader using rules that he created for himself. Poe revealed to us that Fortunato looked at Montresor â€Å"†¦with two filmy orbs that distilled the rheum of intoxication† and â€Å"the wine sparkled in his eyes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado â€Å"6, 8). It is revealed to the reader that Fortunato was drunk. Fortunato and Montresor are both full of pride. Fortunato â€Å"prided himself on his connoisseurship in wine† and Montresor considered himself as â€Å"skillful in the Italian vintages† (Poe, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† 3). When Fortunato â€Å"ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge† (Poe, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† 2). Montresor is vengeful and creates rules for killing with impunity. Poe also showed indirect characterization in Hopfrog. The king had known that â€Å"Hop-Frog was not fond of wine; for it excited the poor cripple almost to madness, and madness is no comfortable feeling. But the king loved his practical jokes, and took pleasure in forcing Hop-Frog to drink, inShow MoreRelatedThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe In ?The Cask of Amontillado?, Edgar Allan Poe takes us on a trip into the mind of a mad man. Poe uses certain elements to convey an emotional impact. He utilizes irony, descriptive detail of setting, and dark character traits to create the search of sinful deceit. Poe also uses first person, where the narrator is the protagonist who is deeply involved. The purpose is to get the reader to no longer be the observer. He wants them to see with MontressorRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe836 Words   |  3 Pagesqualities in the story. In the story many things are used as symbols such as the actual cask of amontillado, the trowel, the jester costume and the setting in which there is two in the story. Another literary technique used significantly in the story is irony. Irony is the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite. In the short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Montresor a very troubled man who plans to seek revenge on another man named FortunatoRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado1384 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes Edgar Allan Poe work unique? 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Having debt and not being able to provide food and clothes for himself caused Poe to quit school. Later, heRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe920 Words   |  4 Pageswhen that trust no longer exists? In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe, Fortunato is about to find the answer to this question. On the surface, Montresor seems friendly with Fortunato, but deep down he feels nothing but hate for him. Could this hatred have an irrationality that only Montresor understands? In different ways, both of these men are proud and affluent, yet both have downfalls that will l ead to a tragic ending. Edgar Allan Poe’s use of language contributes to the understandingRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1303 Words   |  6 PagesIn Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† the narrator recalls an extremely significant time in his life, and takes the reader along with him. Throughout the story, one experiences a perfectly planned murder which took place over fifty years ago, and still no one has discovered what truly happened to poor Fortunato as he was chained to a wall in a room that was then closed off, and torched to death due to all the nitre in the walls. As the story goes on, the reader can see some of Poe’s unfortunateRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story, The Cask of Amontillado, written by Edgar Allan Poe is a story of terror and betrayal. Like many of Poe’s literary works, the story has a dark undertone with a theme of terror and depre ssion. More than half a century ago, Marshall McLuhan argued that though Poe was fascinated by evil, the evil that he had in mind was not that of Calvinism, but that of the split man and the split civilization. In general, McLuhan was right, but in this instance Calvinism, and its God, provided a darkRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe707 Words   |  3 PagesIn the short story of The Cask of Amontillado, Edgar Allan Poe writes in first person point of view from the perspective of Montresor who seeks revenge against Fortunato. Montresor began to develop the perfect plan for revenge. During the carnival season, Montresor meets with Fortunato and decides to implement his plan carefully through irony. Poe s story describes the murderer s mind which has lived as a memory of Fortunato s death for fifty years. Poe uses different types of irony and symbolismRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe985 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is a well known author o f short stories and poetry from the 19th century. He is known especially for his stories of horror and suspense. The Cask of Amontillado is one of his more famous pieces. The story follows the narrator, Montresor, as he exacts revenge on Fortunato. Montressor draws Fortunato into the wine cellar where eventually he chains Fortunato to the wall and encloses him inside it. Throughout the story the narrator continually proves that he is not the most reliable sourceRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1575 Words   |  7 Pagescommitted the perfect murder in just such a tale, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado.† Montresor plots and kills an unwary friend/foe during carnival time for motives that are unclear. The author of this tale, Edgar Allan Poe, influenced by his somewhat tragic life and one of the most influential Gothic writers, uses symbolism and irony to show the multitude of complicated motives of the narrator in his famous horror story. Upon examining Edgar Allan Poe’s life, one is not surprised that he chooses to write

An Introduction to Early Childhood Studies

Question: Part One You will need to look at the Part One Resources and use these with other reading and sources to support a 2000 word piece on children starting school:Introduction (150 words): Introduce the main points and topics that your piece will cover, so that the reader knowswhat to expect from your assignment and you have set the scene for them. What is your argument about why children starting school is an important issue? Part Two A critical reflection on the topic that you have chosen. Use the 5 sources you have identified in Part Two A as a basis, and supplement with other reading and literature. Answer: Introduction Families are an important source for children by making them feel secure so that the child learns by eliminating any anxiety of life. For children excluding home school is an important place for enriching their lives (Anning et al., 2004). This experience provides an insight on social, occupational future and academic future of child. So, a child needs to be handled carefully by encouraging and preparing them for the school. In the above context, starting school is an exciting activity for both parents and children but at the same time it could be daunting too. Children in the starting school is the biggest issue for the as this transition in childs life is the most remembered in their life. On the basis of this a childs love for education it is inculcated for making most of the use of it the most. The most crucial is to provide emotional support and engaging with teachers for their betterment. Reflections The article by Action for children establish the fact that parents are stumping upon the issue that their children should be developed till age 5 before the school starts. When the survey was conducted for 1000 parents it was found that 63% parents seemed to be worried if their children were behind in receiving education before their peers (Actionforchildren, 2016). This would impact them later in future in finding suitable job themselves and performing well in education. The second article from BBC News focuses on the issue of summer born children by arguing on the fact that should their education is delayed. The impact is upon receiving education as these babies cannot cope up with class as they born in summer months. This is hampering their education level as they do not understand it from the starting level. This means low level of job attainment as education is the base so, the parents have requested to forward the admission procedure next year. The third article title from Research Briefings on summer born children emphasis upon Special Education Needs (SEN) for development when compared to normal age group (Long, 2016). The decision making for educating the child should be rightly taken to send them till age of five or not. The attainment level of each child is different so the parents have to understand their needs. This article is about leaving age for children outside the normal age and will receive education till they are 16 years of age. The fourth resource is starting school age in European countries that states that in England the age is staring right from their fifth birthday. This can be in January, September or April and if they reach their age in between September to March they need to attend reception class. This effect the children development as the child needs to be fully developed for attaining it. The fifth resource is by NHS is about the impact of first day schooling on parents and children as it can be both tiring and tough (Nhs, 2015). The first day might make the child quite frightening as it is a complete change in environment. Hence, the parents must make sure to make adjustment accordingly by talking with the teachers beforehand as this affects that parents are there to support them. The feelings have to be understood in first weeks by communicating and make sure that the teachers are completely engaged. The sixth resource is from University of Cambridge that emphasis on the concept of changing the education age for formal learning in schools. In existing mode the present age is 4 years for attaining the literacy level so this needs to be extended. In comparison to New Zealand education system the literacy level is starting from the age between 5 to 7 years. This change is made so that it does not impact reading development skills in humans for betterment of future. The last piece of writing poor students should be admitted in school from the age of two by BBC News puts light on accessibility issue. This would impact positively as when the teachers are trained they would be able to provide support to children (Richardson, 2015). Their needs are not being addressed by working on the basics of education system i.e. primary level. The children who are disadvantaged are being offered help by government that would reduce the inequality by making each child educated. Factors Impacting Children Starting School When children start schooling various factors affect them in the first level and they are: Political Factors The early childhood education helps in getting the jobs before the time as the children will pass out from the school at earliest. This helps the employer as individuals get into work faster so that they into workforce at the earliest (Anning et al., 2004). As in England fifth birthday is admission age that is affecting the education system as it is lowest in comparison to other countries as they are entering the school at the age of six. The talk is about changing the education system by one year as in September cut off the children are forced or they are younger while still are other is reception. Similarly, it is good for summer born children as their age is delayed as for children born between 1 April and 31 August is allowed for reception year (Weale, 2015). This is done to provide equal opportunity for educating children by working on child interest. Historical Factors The early years education in historical perspective states that in 18th century it was based upon philanthropic and voluntary. The education system was not structured and no formal training was provided to children. With the Education Act 1870 change cropped in elementary schools till 5 years of age and it was compulsory for individuals aged between 5-13 years. As the years pass five women were admitted to Board of Education for making investigation on curriculum and admission related to infants. The education was changed in 1972 with White Paper framework for expanding the education system (Kwon, 2002). The paper compromised that school providing nursery education for 3 to 4 year olds belongs to the Foundation stage till 6 year old. Ideological factors The education level of parents should be as per the standard set so that they could train their children well. The attitude of the parents has to be positive for making their child entering the school and working on the safety. In relation to riding, playground for performing the work assignment and for disabled children the services provided has to be as per the need. Child Development Good wellbeing and health is an essential component in child development that helps in being gaining the education faster (Scott and Ward, 2005). In child development parent act as an important role model as the relationship between them in early years affect development process. This not only involves parents but also with other professional like teachers in school. It affects the child emotional outcome by making it strong in varied practices in aspects of intellectual, social, physical health and educational perspective. Parenting is also a big factor as the style for engaging them should develop their behavioral and cognitive attributes. The rules implied on child should be warmth and cohesiveness by having a consistency in approach by being clear. The external factor is the environment that should be under control of parents as it affects the child character by developing it significantly (Henry, 2005). Parents act as the first guidance and school is second here they feel should feel safe and secure. The children should be free of bullying as it impacts their academic performance that is the strongest factor affecting wellbeing. The social and physical environment that a child spends affects their mental and physical health that has negative effect on education attainment. With this sleep is a psychological factor that develops brain as putting the child in bed following proper routine is must by having a systematic routine. For a child in early years nutrition is must as teaching them healthy eating habits by eating variety of foods in their diet by their parents (Sanders and Kirby, 2014). On the other hand, theories for children starting school are various and some of them are: Social Constructivism The theory was developed by Vygotsky by supporting children culturally and with the inter-psychological theory for developing it effectively. The focus is on social interaction with children with 5 years of age. Cognitive Theory This learning is fostering from the community by imitating it as the interaction between peers and teachers. Behaviorism Theory The imitation of actors and actress shown in films is having behavior change by working as per the environment by reinforcement tool. In early education using dialogues, chanting key phrases and taking right measures by incorporating behavior for making them excel in both personal and academically (Henry, 2005). Present Practice and Policy For every individual policies and programmes should be made same applies for children starting their school. This will impact their education attainment so the various practices underpinning it are given below: Families and Fast Together FAST is a programme that brings together teachers, children and parents in a community by supporting the young to fulfill their dreams in life and school. This connection is stronger as the parents with communities and schools to make sure that they perform best in their school. National Child Measurement Programme This framework is established by UK government on child obesity under the Department of Health (DH) and Public Health England (PHE) in 2006 (Noo, 2016). The children in between 4-6 years of age i.e.in reception have to measure their weight and height by informing it to local services. It helps in engaging them in undertaking active and healthy lifestyle. Free Early Years Education This policy is applicable for 3-4 years old in which annually the child receives 570 hours of free education and in a week it comes to around 15 hours. This means 38 weeks/year and in some cases for 2 years old as well. This 2 year old will receive free education when anyone of the following is undertaken: Universal credit Support and Employment Allowance (ESA) Support income (Gov, 2016) Guarantee towards State Pension Credit Having an yearly income under 16,190 and having tax credits Professional Association for Childcare and Early Years (PACEY) This body is about making the child ready for their school by supporting the family with information by reassurance and supporting them. The survey conducted by PACEY states that 48% of parents are anxious about starting school and 71% parents are starting school in September. It is both for parents as this transition is big in their life that is exciting and daunting as well. Similarly, for childcares professional carer as the responsibility being preparing the child in their first weeks and creating the base for foundation base (Pacey, 2015). Future Practice and Policy Right to education is the basic requirement of all children. The participation of all students in schooling is essential for inclusive education. Restructuring the culture, practices and policies in schools are ensured by inclusive education. The main purpose of implementing inclusive education in school is determining enhanced response to the diversity of students in their locality. In order to enable inclusive practices there are certain conditions required to enable inclusion like, consciousness on the part of the parent regarding the childrens right to education. Another mentionable required condition is, with the help of childrens and parents view informs the school management. From a marginalized group recruitment of the teacher is another required condition (eenet, 2008). In terms of progressing through school not preventing children with examinations, fees or other barriers are also essential for inclusion. In order to ensure that the children can attend the school instead of working meting the basic needs of the family plays crucial role in inclusive practices. If schools are near the childrens home, it becomes easy for them to access it and they remain physically safe this in turn increases the level of inclusion. On the part of the children and adults it is essential to not discriminate against those who are different in order establish effective imple mentation of inclusive practices (eenet, 2008). Hence, if the above conditions are followed effectively then inclusive practices can be efficaciously formulated and executed. Alternatively, the barriers associated with children when they will start their school are varied in nature. This can be a hindrance when parents are disabled by having difficulty in communicating and effective relationship building. This creates communication barrier and development of negative attitude in children. Similarly, the socio-economic status of parents may act as a barrier by not being able to afford childcare, availability and accessibility of work is not compatible with caring responsibilities and lack of confidence, qualification and experience. For instance when a child is unable to cope up with course curriculum he will perform poor work and behavior too (Mottely and Randall, 2009). Conclusion From the above discussion it can be said that children at their starting school need the right to be educated. The UK government is making an attempt to provide the early years education to all children so that no one is left behind. Children are flexible and adaptable as what they are taught by parents and teachers they perform the same work. When children are starting school they should be motivated and encouraged by providing emotional support as it is the basis of education in long term. A crucial source is communicating with the child for understanding their feelings and emotions and working accordingly (Persky and Golubchick, 2004). In child development ideological, historical and political factors governs it with various programmes and policy underpinning the facts. For their development physical and mental health both is equally important for their growth by involving them in physical activity too. Hence, children starting school is important for their whole life for joining the workforce early in job. Part 1Reference List Actionforchildren.org.uk. (2016). Three in five UK parents worry their children are not ready to start school | Action for Children. [online] Available at: https://www.actionforchildren.org.uk/news-and-blogs/whats-new/2016/april/three-in-five-uk-parents-worry-their-children-are-not-ready-to-start-school/ [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Anning, A., Cullen, J. and Fleer, M. (2004). Early childhood education. London: SAGE. eenet.org.uk. (2008). Making Schools Inclusive. [online] Available at: https://www.eenet.org.uk/resources/docs/Making%20schools%20inclusive%20SCUK.pdf [Accessed 17 Aug. 2016]. Gov.uk. (2016). Help paying for childcare - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/help-with-childcare-costs/free-childcare-and-education-for-2-to-4-year-olds [Accessed 17 Aug. 2016]. Henry, N. (2005). Early childhood education. 3rd ed. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. Kwon, Y. (2002). Changing Curriculum for Early Childhood Education in England. Early Childhood Research and Practice, [online] 4(2). Available at: https://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v4n2/kwon.html [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Long, R. (2016). Summer-born children: starting school. House of Commons Library. [online] Available at: https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7272/CBP-7272.pdf [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Mottely, J. and Randall, A. (2009). Early education. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Nhs.uk. (2015). Your child's first day at school - Pregnancy and baby guide - NHS Choices. [online] Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/starting-school.aspx [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Noo.org.uk. (2016). National Child Measurement Programme :: Public Health England Obesity Knowledge and Intelligence team. [online] Available at: https://www.noo.org.uk/NCMP [Accessed 17 Aug. 2016]. Pacey.org.uk. (2015). Being school-ready. [online] Available at: https://www.pacey.org.uk/working-in-childcare/spotlight-on/being-school-ready/ [Accessed 17 Aug. 2016]. Persky, B. and Golubchick, L. (2004). Early childhood education. 3rd ed. Lanham: University Press of America. Richardson, H. (2015). Poorest pupils 'should start school aged two'. BBC News. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/education-33476052 [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Sanders, M. and Kirby, J. (2014). A Public-Health Approach to Improving Parenting and Promoting Children's Well-Being. Child Dev Perspect, 8(4), pp.250-257. Scott, J. and Ward, H. (2005). Safeguarding and promoting the well being of children, families, and their communities. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Weale, S. (2015). Parents of summer-born children get right to delay start of school. The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/education/2015/sep/08/parents-of-summer-born-children-get-right-to-delay-start-of-school [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Part Two The chosen for this part of the assignment is Technology. Part Two A The references that will be referred to discuss the topic are: Hsin, C., Li, M. and Tsai, C. (2014).The Influence of Young Childrens Use of Technology on Their Learning: A Review. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.ifets.info/journals/17_4/6.pdf [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Shields, M. and Behrman, R. (2013).The Future of Children. [online] Futureofchildren.org. Available at: https://www.futureofchildren.org/publications/journals/article/index.xml?journalid=45articleid=200sectionid=1303 [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Walters, J. (2015).Tablets and smartphones may affect social and emotional development, scientists speculate. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/feb/01/toddler-brains-research-smartphones-damage-social-development [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Roxby, P. (2013).Does technology hinder or help toddlers' learning? - BBC News. [online] BBC News. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-22219881 [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Curtis, S. (2013).How technology is changing childhood. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/10529785/How-technology-is-changing-childhood.html [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Part Two B Introduction The twenty first century has witnessed number of developments in terms of technological enhancement. These technological enhancements have not only affected the mode of working, communication and impacted every strata of the society but it has largely impacted the growth and development of children as well. There has been a regular and constant argument regarding the impact of such developments on the growth of the children. On one side of the scenario, as the children are exposed to new technologies they can avail increased scope of educating themselves, expressing themselves effectively and increases their creativity. But on the other side, there are number of risks associated with such developed technologies to which also the children gets exposed simultaneously, due to the exposure to these technological enhancement. Hence the main aspect of this part of discussion is to examine whether the technological developments impacts the child development negatively or positively. Reflection According to the BBC article- Does technology hinder or help toddlers learning? Technologies like smart phones, tablet or computers acts as contributing factor to learning due to its screen technology, which help the children in interacting effectively and have enhanced experience. In order to establish the fact the article provides the research from the University of Wisconsin that in the Society for Research in Child Development meeting highlighted upon the fact that among children aged between two to three effective response can be found to video screen as compared to those video screen that provided them with no opportunity of interaction (Roxby, 2013). But a complete opposite side of the argument has also been presented in the article according to which such habits if not curbed can result in depression or addiction. It has been further stated in the article that, any children born at the present time, by the time they attain the age of seven will spent a full year to screens. T his clearly reflects the severity of the situation. But the article further provides the readers with the fact that virtual space helps the children in developing confidence which clearly highlights upon the benefits of such developments. With the help of telegraph article- How Technology is changing childhood, the readers can have a clear idea of the extent to which children are exposed to these enhanced technologies. It can be seen from the fact the article presented that in the year 2013; approximately 3 billion on technological gifts were spent by children collectively. This clearly reflects the increased exposure of the children to the developed technologies (Curtis, 2013). Other than that, the article also discusses the risks to which the children gets exposed to due to continuous exposure to technologies like affecting the brain development of the children, adverse impact on reflective thinking and originality. Like the article Does technology hinder or help toddlers learning?, the article Tablets and Smartphone may affect social and emotional development, scientists speculate also highlights upon the positive and negative impact of technology development on children. It states that the exposure to technological development may have damaging impact on socio-emotional development of children. But the positive impact of exposure to mobile devices is development of early literacy skills, enhanced academic engagement. Similarly the journal piece, Children and Computer Technology highlights upon the benefits and risks associated with increased exposure to such technologies and ways of curbing the negative impact (Shields and Behrman, 2013). As an instance the article states that the usage of the technologies has been on constant rise due to which issues like obesity rises. In order to curb the impact the piece suggests limited exposure to it and opting for alternative activities like sports. According to the article How Technology is Changing the way Children Think and Focus, the exposure to technologies have both positive and negative impact. It states that exposure to technologies impacts the memory and educational performance adversely (Curtis, 2013). But at the same time it increases the attention ability and reaction times. Hence on the basis of the discussion it can be stated that the topic i.e. impact of technology on child development as exposure to technology impacts the growth of the children significantly, which makes it essential to discussion upon the topic and determine its impact. The above mentioned articles helped in collecting information of the probable impacts of exposure to technologies on the basis of which it could be determined whether exposing children to technologies have positive or negative impact on child development. Effective practice, services and provision As already stated in the article does technology hinder or help toddlers learning? that as a result of exposure to technology with screen touch facility the children can learn effectively along with provide them with better experience as a result of more interaction. The response of the children also gets developed as a result of this (Roxby, 2013). The creativity of the children also gets developed due to the exposure to these technologies according to the article How technology is changing childhood. The article further states that exposure to technologies help the children to develop an identity. With the help of number of educational apps and services provided by these technologies their maths and logic gets boosted due to the appealing package. The article Tablets and smartphones may affect social and emotional development, scientists speculate also supports this fact and states that for children use of devices are seen to have positive impact on aspects like literacy skills, ac ademic engagement particularly for patients with autism. However, the technologies can be made impactful by incorporating certain aspects in its usage. It can be noticed that the usage of technology has been on constant rise. In order to deal with it, the extent to which the children will be exposed needs to be limited (Hutchby and Moran-Ellis, 2006). As a result of constant exposure there have been number of health implications can be noticed on the health condition of the children like obesity. In order to deal with it the children should be promoted to participate in alternative activities like sports and imaginative play according to the journal piece Children and Computer Technology. Internet technology is full of elements for users of all age. As a result of which children may be exposed to elements that are not appropriate as for their age like violent videos. For this reason, if their activities are supervised and only those content are allowed to access that are needed by them then they will be exposed to elements that will help i n their development. Playing games is one of the common activities that children perform with the help of these technologies. Some of the games to which children are exposed to are seen to have educational values like SimCity. However there are games that have violent elements which makes them aggressive. In order to control the exposure of the children to such violent elements it is essential on the part parents to have effective understanding of the rating with the help of inclusion of the rating in all advertising and product packaging. Other than that abiding by policies like Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act helps in preventing information collection from children under the age of 13 without parental permission thus protecting them from varied abuse. Increased effort on the part of digital media and software industries would help in promoting exposing to the children to required technologies that would contribute in their overall development (Shields and Behrman, 2013). M edia and technology literacy should be provided to parents, teachers so that they can guide the children effectively. Conclusion From the above made discussion it can be noticed that there are number of positive and negative impact of technologies on the growth and development of the children. In the above made discussion it has stated that continuous exposure to technologies adversely impacts the memory of children, the socio-emotional development, the reflective thinking along with adversely impacts the health condition of children like obesity. Hence in order to deal with it, ways like supervising the activities, encouraging for alternative activities like sports should be encouraged that would help in development of the situation. The above mentioned adverse affects cannot take away the fact that it has number of positive impacts like increases the ability of learning; the children are engaged to it in an increased level, their response to the relevant process also develops along with helping them in expressing themselves effectively. Part 2B Reference List Curtis, S. (2013). How technology is changing childhood. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/10529785/How-technology-is-changing-childhood.html [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Hsin, C., Li, M. and Tsai, C. (2014). The Influence of Young Childrens Use of Technology on Their Learning: A Review. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.ifets.info/journals/17_4/6.pdf [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Hutchby, I. and Moran-Ellis, J. (2006). Children, technology, and culture. 6th ed. London: Routledge/Falmer. Roxby, P. (2013). Does technology hinder or help toddlers' learning? - BBC News. [online] BBC News. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-22219881 [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Shields, M. and Behrman, R. (2013). The Future of Children. [online] Futureofchildren.org. Available at: https://www.futureofchildren.org/publications/journals/article/index.xml?journalid=45articleid=200sectionid=1303 [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016]. Walters, J. (2015). Tablets and smartphones may affect social and emotional development, scientists speculate. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/feb/01/toddler-brains-research-smartphones-damage-social-development [Accessed 16 Aug. 2016].

Thom Gunn Research Paper Essay Example

Thom Gunn Research Paper Essay Introduction Thom Gunn is one of the most outstanding English poets living in the 20th century whose creative work was quite original and unique. He obviously was among the most significant poets of his time, but he did not strive for world acclaim, popularity and recognition, instead he rather attempted to convey to the wide audience his basic ideas concerning life, human society, and its problems. In such a situation, it is very important to trace his development as a poet and realize what his particular artistic features were. Apparently, it is also necessary to discuss the main themes he discussed in his poems because it will help better understand his original views on the contemporary world and modernity. Apparently, it is also necessary to discuss the main themes he discussed in his poems because it will help better understand his original views on the contemporary world and modernity. It is an undeniable fact that it is basically due to his original views on some traditional themes that made him so popular. And he remains popular nowadays, and his fascination with the anti-social, the rebellious, the unnatural, and, above all, with violence, still attracts many people, including not only ordinary readers but also connoisseurs and literary critics. This is why it is extremely important to analyze what his views are and why his fascination with the things that are traditionally severely criticised are so interesting for readers. Obviously, the answering of this questions will need the profound understanding of the origin of Thom Gunn’s views, his style and the discussion of the main themes of his most popular poems. Thom Gunn’s life and its impact on his creative work We will write a custom essay sample on Thom Gunn Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thom Gunn Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thom Gunn Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Naturally, it is impossible to understand the literary work of any poet, or writer without at least a brief discussion of his life. The main reason is that the work of any poet is very creative and can be easily affected by different factors, which are not directly linked to his work. In such a situation the poet’s personal life may be very important for understanding his motives and the main themes that disturbed his mind. This is particularly true for Thom Gunn, who lived at the epoch of great changes, when traditional values, moral norms, and regulations gave in facing a new changing reality. His life, especially early years and his youth, produced a significant impact on his literary career because the main events that took place in the middle and later in 1960-1970s had changed the world. Naturally, the epoch when Thom Gunn matured as a poet produced a significant impact on his creative work. Nonetheless, his personal life was also of paramount importance for his poetry. Notably, it should be pointed out that, being born in the UK, the poet lived a great part of his life in the US that naturally influenced his literary work. As Stephen Burt points out â€Å"Thom Gunn declared in 1978 that his life insists on continuities – between America and England, between free verse and meter, between vision and everyday consciousness† (1999, p.384). In such a way, the poet himself that his intercontinental life, the life in between characterizes his poetry at large. Furthermore, it should also be said that some details of his personal life are also quite noteworthy in the analysis of his literary work because some of the themes, which are central in his poems, are the result of his personal experience. In this respect it worth to mention that Thom Gunn was a ‘child’ of his epoch. Notably, Forester remarks that the poet used drugs, and reminds about the poet’s recognition of attraction to men. By the way, Woodcock also refers to Thom Gunn’s homosexual experience that played an important role in his literary work. In such a way, the influence of the personal life of the poet on his literary work is obvious and undeniable. This is why it is possible to say that the problems he raises in his works and themes he widely discusses are closely related to his personal experience. To put it more precisely, it should be said that in many aspects, for instance, the use of the drug, the life of Thom Gunn was characterized as anti-social and even rebellious and unnatural, for example, if one refers to his homosexual experience and poems related to this theme. Furthermore, the theme of violence seems to be also not occasional because it may also be the result of his personal experience. For instance, it is hardly possible to argue that often drug use is closely related to violence. Furthermore, the theme of violence seems to be also not occasional because it may also be the result of his personal experience. For instance, it is hardly possible to argue that often drug use is closely related to violence. Thus, it is possible to estimate that Thom Gunn literary work is a logical continuation or reflection of his personal life. Thus, it is possible to estimate that Thom Gunn literary work is a logical continuation or reflection of his personal life. Thom Gunn’s style Naturally, the development of Thom Gunn as a poet coincided with the development of his particular style, which many specialists consider to be quite interesting and noteworthy for the research. In fact, the poet’s style contributes to his expressiveness, and often it helps better understand what the poet intends to say in his poems. Speaking about his style it worth to note that Thom Gunn was a poet belonging to the Movement though Stephen Burt considers the latter fact practically accidental. In this respect, it is hardly possible to agree with the critic because the poet’s style from the beginning of his literary career revealed that Thom Gunn is rather close to the ideology and philosophy of the Movement. The latter is formed by poets, which were unmodernist and tended to use plainspoken English. In such a situation, the extremely formal style of Thom Gunn, especially in his early works seem to be quite appropriate especially compared to the sophisticated and advanced style of modernists. Nonetheless, such a style has not prevented the poet from his fascination with the anti-social, the rebellious, the unnatural and, especially, with violence. Moreover, Thom Gunn often used classic verse forms, in which he successfully explored and criticised the anxieties of the society as for what was considered to be socially unacceptable, such as violence, use of drugs, homosexuality, and others. In fact, he is very skeptical about these modern anxieties, and it even seems that he is mocking them: It is despair that nothing cannot beFlares in the mind and leaves a smoky markOf dread.Look upward. Neither firm nor freePurposeless matter hovers in the dark.(The Annihilation of Nothing) As a rule, the poet’s works are characterized by his discipline of writing to a specific set of visual images and the liberation of free verse. Not surprisingly that, according to Stephen Burt, many considered Thom Gunn to be a strict craftsman who amply used quatrains, sonnets and heroic couplets significantly influenced by Ben Johnson and Thomas Hardy. This is why it is possible to say that the poet’s style incorporated traditional, formal approach and his particular, individual characteristics. However, some specialists severely criticise such devotedness of Thom Gunn to traditional style. For instance, David Caplan is very skeptical about Thom Gunn’s use of heroic couplets. Notably, he states that â€Å"mastery of heroic couplets gives the lie to contemporary scorn for highly formal genres† (1999:221). Obviously, it is a direct hint at Thom Gunn’s highly formal style, but this skepticism seems to be not supported by the persuasive evidence because, about the poet’s works, it is hardly possible to say that his formal style makes his poems any worse. On the contrary, Thom Gunn uses the highly precise style to discuss themes which are traditionally considered to be a kind of ‘taboo’, or at least they often were left aside, especially by the poets preferring the formal style of writing. For instance, his poems, even being written in the formal style, which is considered by many as highly conservative, tend to underline the author’s fascination with the anti-social, violence and other themes. For instance, Paul Dean underlines the poet’s successful use of extreme formality combined with abstraction in the poem â€Å"On the Move†. Moreover, the critic underlines that many of Thom Gunn’s poems are â€Å"ironically in strict meter because he wrote them under the influence of drugs that gave him the courage to use associative imagery, to be more formally experimental, and move from meter to syllabics to free verse with new confidence† (2004:78). Consequently, it should be said that Paul Dean’s opinion only supports the idea mentioned above concerning the influence of the poet’s personal experience on his creative work. At the same time, it should be said that the way the author wrote his poems only underlines the extent to which they were anti-social and rebellious because so was the process of their creation. In other words, it is obviously socially unacceptable to use drugs, while Thom Gunn wrote some of his poems in an intoxicating state. Naturally, it affected dramatically the thematic contents of his works, which seemed to absorb the author’s fascination with the anti-social. However, Paul Dean also underlines that â€Å"Gunn never understood why he was seen as a celebrant of violence and remained grateful to Ted Hughes for insisting that Thom Gunn’s is the poetry of tenderness† (2004:79). Obviously, this fact emphasize the poet’s attempts to remain socially acceptable and, in such a situation, his works characterized by the author’s admiration with violence, the anti-social and the rebellious, probably indicate at the unconscious trends of Thom Gunn’s preferences. At the same time, it is also possible to explain such a paradoxical contradiction by way of writing of the poems, especially when the poet took drugs. Nonetheless, to better understand the poet’s style, it is necessary to discuss some of his poems regarding example briefly. In this respect, the research of Paul Dean seems to be very noteworthy because Thom Gunn’s particular style made his poems particularly exciting and consequently successful. For instance, on analyzing the poem â€Å"From the Wave† the critic states that â€Å"rhythmically, the poem â€Å"From the Wave† is more subtle than the somewhat over-emphatic pentameter of â€Å"one wakes/ Afloat on the movement that divides and breaks† (Dean 2004:79). Furthermore, Paul Dean pays a particular attention to Thom Gunn’s use of syntax. For instance, referring to the same poem â€Å"From the Wave† he underlines that â€Å"the syntax here mimics the swell and dispersal of the water, and the alternating eight and four-syllable lines allow great variety† (Dean 2004:80). In such a way, it is necessary to point out that the sy ntax also played an extremely important role in the poet’s works. This fact is particularly noteworthy because the syntax can be used to emphasize certain ideas, emotions or feelings that overwhelm the poet. At the same time, it is also noteworthy that Thom Gunn uses the highly formal style in a quite ironic form, as it has been mentioned above. Consequently, it is possible to characterize Thom Gunn’s style as controversial that may be a result of the anti-social and rebellious character of his poems because it is very difficult to resist to the traditional social stereotypes, what the poet actually did. Not surprisingly that he took drugs for the encouragement of his writing abilities. In this respect, it is quite noteworthy to refer to critical works of Clive Wilmer who argues that â€Å"Gunn is quite consciously a writer of contrast, who has drawn on a wide range of influences and modes. But his work none the less impresses the careful reader with its underlying consistency. He made his name, after all, as a master of vigorously traditional verse forms. His approach at root is too impersonal† (1982:11). This is why it is necessary to say that Thom Gunn, in all probability, used the traditional style and impersonality of his poems to be more persuasive that is quite natural in the situation when he fascinated with the themes which were traditionally socially unacceptable. Nonetheless, it is also necessary to point out that â€Å"the most interesting contrast of all, perhaps is connected with his sense of the past. What strikes us most immediately in Gunn’s poems – what made him famous in fact – is their contained energy† (1982:12). In this respect, it is possible to say that Gunn’s ‘sense of the past’ is closely related to his highly formal style and reflects the poet’s intention to reveal his fascination with anti-social, the rebellious, the unnatural and violence in his works in contrast to the past conservatism. In other words, his conservative style is contrasting to his advanced and modernist ideas, which produce a striking effect on a reader and make his views particularly noteworthy. Thus, it is hardly possible to argue with Clive Wilmer when he claims that â€Å"the process of understanding amounts to something more than the business of comprehending the text† Understanding means taking the poems to heart, means ultimately acting on them† (1982:16). Concerning Thom Gunn’s poems, it means that the skillful use of contrast, a particular author’s style make his poems particularly easy to understand and accept, as well as ideas conveyed by the poet to readers. Thom Gunn’s main themes In fact, it has been already said that the main themes Thom Gunn discusses in his works are the anti-social, the rebellious, the unnatural. However, probably the most important theme the poet attempted to depict in his works is the theme of violence. Obviously, such a thematic consistency of his works is the result of his personal experience and was successfully presented with the help of his style. Nonetheless, it is necessary to dwell upon some of his poems to better understand the extent, to which Thom Gunn emphasized his central themes mentioned above. For instance, one of the leading ideas of his works is a theme of violence may be found in many poems, one of which is the poem â€Å"Uncertain Violence†. In fact, the author was often criticised for this poem since, as Dyson points out that Gunn has been accused of lacking poetic personality, notably â€Å"Gunn has not enough of a poetic personality to be parodied, even by himself† (1990:37). At the same time, it should be said that â€Å"Uncertain Violence† seems to be a very symbolic and interesting work. Even the title of the poem reveals a paradoxical contradiction – uncertainty and violence. In fact, it is hardly possible to combine this two notions because violence originally implies self-assurance, or else a desire to increase one’s self-esteem with the help of violence. On the other hand, such uncertainty, emphasized by Thom Gunn, may indicate at his intention to underline the importance of the problem. Probably, he wants to realize the cause of violence, and he rejects the traditional view on violence. He contradicts to stereotypes and argues with the traditional view on violence and, instead, he fascinates with it, especially with its power, unclear origin and difficulty of its solution. In this respect, a particular degree of the impersonality of the poet seems to be used intentionally to emphasize the mysteriousness of the problem of violence. In such interpretation of the poem and theme of violence makes criticism practically irrelevant. This is why it is hardly possible to agree with Dyson who states that â€Å"it is not surprising if Gunn sometimes disappoints the critics who require an ‘identifiable’ voice or ‘personality’ in what they read† (1990:37). Furthermore, Thom Gunn also paid a lot of attention to the problem of the anti-social, rebellious and unnatural. These themes are particularly obvious in his poems concerning the problem of homosexuality and drugs. It should be said that these problems are really important since the poet amply discusses the problem of homosexuality in his poems, for instance, which is obviously quite critically perceived by the wide audience and the society. This is why his poems may be treated as rather provocative that underlines that certain degree of uncertainty and impersonality of his works is probably just another artistic device used to attract the higher attention of readers to the theme of his poems. It should be pointed out that the problem of homosexuality is still relevant today and is still severely criticised by many specialists as well as ordinary readers. This makes the works of Thom Gunn particularly important since they have been written when this theme only has got started to be discussed in public and literature. Probably, the most significant poems written by Thom Gunn, related to the theme of homosexuality, are collected in the book â€Å"The Man with Night Sweats.† Critics, including Bruce Woodcock, emphasized the challenging nature of the book and its contents. For instance, Bruce Woodcock underlines that â€Å"Thom Gunn’s new book ‘The Man with Night Sweats’ has a suitably alarming nakedness to it. The cover shows a statue of the tomb of Rene de Chalons: a human figure with skeletal form emerging through decaying flash holds up an apple and stares at it intently† (1993:60). In fact, it seems as though there is no room for uncertai nty in the poet’s works anymore, on the contrary, the fascination with the anti-social within the book seems to be intentionally emphasized. Furthermore, it should be said that this book challenges another extremely arguable theme that was also socially unaccepted, i.e. the theme of AIDS. It is not a secret that at the beginning this disease was perceived by the society as a problem of a definite category of people, which were treated by society as outcasts. This is why the fact that Thom Gunn paid a lot of attention to this problem underlines that the poet was particularly concerned and interested in it, even though this could make his poem socially unacceptable. In this respect, it is necessary to refer to Bruce Woodcock who, on analyzing â€Å"The Man with Night Sweats†, estimates that â€Å"his book is a bold confrontation with the experience of AIDS in verse which is yet as elegant and powerful as any in his work† (1993:60). At the same time, it is very important to emphasize that this, to a certain extent anti-social, rebellious position of the poet, influenced significantly his style as well as the thematic value of his poems. Notably, Bruce Woodcock points out that â€Å"AIDS has brought Gunn to a simultaneous nakedness of content and form. These poems are not confessional† (1993:60), and this fact indicates that the poet’s works remain impersonal. Instead, he pays particular attention to the social importance of the problem since â€Å"Gunn’s position has been that of observing the impact of the disease on others, his friends, and community. What this has brought out in him is an extension of his poetic craft†¦ In Gunn’s case, the developments demanded have emerged from his work was already taking and tensions, which were previously present† (Woodcock 1993:60). In such a way, this book was another step in his creative work, which only emphasized the author’s particular attention to arguable themes and his fascination with them. Conclusion Thus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is possible to conclude that Thom Gunn, being a talented poet, was courageous enough to raise and discuss problems which were not always acceptable by the society. Moreover, many of his works are rather provocative since they reveal the author’s fascination with the themes of the anti-social, the rebellious, the unnatural and one of the central themes, the theme of violence. The poet has managed to attract the attention of readers remaining impersonal and often using traditional style. As a result, his works are quite persuasive the poet’s position emphasizing their pretending objectivity. This is why it is possible to estimate that Thom Gunn was very lucky in the discussion of themes that he fascinated with.